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"One Book - Complete Curriculum" [Grade 2] is in your hands. Be reminded, once again, that the purpose of this publication project is to combine the key and essential points/topics from, and included in the curriculum of each grade / class in such a way that all the basic teaching requirements of the respective class can be covered in this one volume alone. Moreover, it is important to remember that while compiling these books, we take special care to ensure that while they can be understood by an average student, they should also be able to be easily taught by teachers and parents who are not experts in education or teaching. Reiterating our strategy, it would be appropriate to mention once again that we start with simple concepts and gradually move towards complex topics, for the ease of students, as well as teachers. This is a natural, logical strategy because every person achieves their learning stages in this way. We have named these as "layers of learning". Every person acquires knowledge or learns skills in a simple-to-complex order or track: simple and easier things in childhood, relatively complex and difficult things when older, with the result that more complex concepts are able to be understood and practiced in maturity. It is just as if we were putting one layer on top of another, and another, and another. The lowest or most foundational layer of learning consists of the most simple words and visuals. These are concepts (along with their associated vocabulary) presented in the simplest possible terms and words. After this comes the second layer of learning which involves slightly more difficult words and relatively complex concepts compared to the first layer. Effective learning requires that the first and second layers are well-integrated, well-connected. In other words, it should be possible to gain clarification of the concepts and words taught in the second layer from the first layer. If this is not the case, i.e. the two layers are not integrated or cohesive or in tune with each other, then the learning objectives will not be achieved properly. This process of learning advances layer by layer. Effective learning is possible only when the highest (top-most) layer is able to be connected, through all the middle layers, logically and conceptually with the lowest (or the most basic) layer. As the well-known physicist Albert Einstein, purportedly, said: "If a scientist cannot explain a scientific theory to a 6-years-old child, then either (s)he hasn't understood it well or the theory is incorrect by itself." In the "One Book-Complete Curriculum" series, where we are uniquely trying to fit the curriculum of each class in one volume, the style of learning by layers is also our novelty. We are attempting this project with sincere intentions but, being humans, we are not above making mistakes. Just like the previous two books in this series, we have tried our best to make this volume much improved and error-free. However, if you find any error, mistake or deficiency in it, please let us know so that we can improve upon it in the next edition. Once again, it is our special request to teachers and educationists to provide us with their valuable feedback after reading this book and incorporating it into their teaching routine. With thanks, Zeeshan-ul-Hassan Usmani Aleem Ahmad